Definition And Concepts In Building Refurbishment Construction Essay

Definition And Concepts In Building Refurbishment Construction Essay Although building cannot have an infinite economic life, it is widely acknowledged that the process of fabric and structural decline can be slowed down by routine maintenance programs. Occasionally, a shortsighted slumlord will direct a property manager to operate a property to get the maximum returns in term of rental. This usually occurs when an owner refuses to make any repairs except those necessary to keep the property operating. This type of owner treats building as an operating asset in state of an investment. Nowadays, this kind of situation is getting lesser and lesser cause more and more office building is being held as investment by public listed company of good reputation. This is true especially for building acquired and maintained by REITs company as the property portfolio. Nowadays, more building owners treat their property as an investment. This is especially true when they engage the service of a property manager. In this situation, property is being exploited by achieving the best return on capital possible and generates productivity from occupier. At the same time, the property will also be well managed in order to add capital appreciation to the property. Failure to maintain the property regularly can impair the structural integrity of the fabric, accelerating the decline in investment returns until the point where refurbishment options need to be considered (John R. Mansfield, 2000). Technically, refurbishment is the process of making as good as new, including essential modernization and renovations. But, Quah suggests that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“refurbishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  has become a generic, interchangeable term, apparently distinguishable from other specialist activities. Therefore, a clear definition of refurbishment is being quoted from other researchers to clear the doubts. Egbu (1996) considers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“refurbishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to encompass rehabilitation, alteration, adaption, extension, improvement, modernization and repair work carried out to an existing building to permit it reuse for various specific reasons. This definition tells the main reasons of refurbishment, which is to make sure a building is able to operate continuously, and offer better services that suit the demand of the tenants. Normally owners have different perspective when it comes to decide whether to refurbish or redevelop their office building. There are also no rules in the decision-making for refurbishment or redevelopment of office building. But, Reginald Lee from university of Reading has formulated three important issues when it comes to the stage when decision is required. The existing condition of the building needs to be surveyed. If the structural was sound, refurbishment might be considered. If it was very dilapidated, demolition and redevelopment mould probably be the only realistic course of action. This might occur where the structure has been allowed to deteriorate over a no of years, beyond useful refurbishment. The third issue concerning desirable level of refurbishment cannot be considered in isolation. As construction resource is limited and required a large amount of capital, a correct decision is important. Refurbishment by arresting decay extends the physical life of a building, thereby delays and defers expenditure on redevelopment to a large extend this will depend upon the degree to which it is possible to modify the internal layout to accommodate changing tenants requirements there is thus a relationship between the adaptability of the design, building life, maintenance costs and new construction cost. Older building do not make the best possible use of space for modern-day use. Normally in Malaysia, a design efficiency of 75% is considered the desirable norm of an office building. New high rise building aim to have a design efficiency of above 75% whereas buildings constructed between 1920 and 1970 have at best 60% to 70% efficiency. In order to adapt a building for today processes, refurbishment may become so intensive to make redevelopment a better alternative. Better use of space can often be achieved by a completely new design. If the existing space available is insufficient, the possibility of extending the premises may be considered. If space around the site does not permit this approach, some form of redevelopment may become essential. Te efficiency ratio (net let table area divided by gross floor area) of older buildings. A well conceived building today can have an efficiency ratio of about 80% If building cost is expected to rise drastically in the future, it is better not to postponed the decision for redevelopment by choosing refurbishment. The expected rise in building cost will have an effect on the decision

Weddings In The Victorian Era History Essay

In the Victorian Era, there were nuptialss like any other epoch. Except these were different, you may be stating â€Å" Well are n't they ever? â€Å" , but I am here to explicate why. Weddings were less luxuriant, because people did n't like pretentious ornaments and they were much more concluding than now a twenty-four hours ‘s. Clothing in the Victorian Age was really different from dressing around this clip. The Wedding Dress ranged from really luxuriant to some what inexpensive looking, early, mid, and late Victorian frock. Normally around this clip period, adult females wore a gown designed by Worth ( interior decorator from Paris ) and if they could n't afford they would copy one of the masters. They wore long head coverings, two bodices, but most of the adult females wore full trains and elegant inside informations. Womans wore a fitted bodice accompanied with a little waist and a full skirt. The frock was normally made out of organdie, tulle, lacing, silk, linen, or cashmere. The head covering was constructed from all right gauze, cotton ( sheer ) and sometimes lacing. Around this clip period most frocks cost $ 500 and the head covering cost normally about $ 125. â€Å" The maid of honors should be younger than the bride, their frocks should be conformed to hers ; they should non be any more expensive, though they are permitted more flowery ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. ) They are by and large chosen of visible radiation, graceful stuff ; flowers are the chief decoration.A The bride ‘s frock is marked by simpleness. But few gems or decorations should be worn, and those should be the gift of the bridegroom or parents. A head covering and Garland are the separating characteristics of the dress.A The maid of honors assist in dressing the bride, having the company, etc. ; and, at the clip of the ceremonial, base at her left side, the first maid of honor keeping the corsage and baseball mitts. â€Å" ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. ) The girdle was worn sometimes two and three at a clip underneath the nuptials frock depending on what was peculiarly in manner at the clip that your nuptials took place.A Work force wore really fancy or out-of-date dinner jacket. Boutonnieres were really big and made of lilies, A gardenia or a piece ofA stephanotis. I think that back in the clip of the great Queen Victoria manner was seen as a different sort of civilization that was desired by every adult females that genuinely believed that they could look beautiful. There were many of import traditions. Back in the epoch of Victorian England, it was tradition for the bride to have on an hair garland with fresh or dried lowers on a wire construction. Some of the flowers that were used for these garlands were roses, A chrysanthemums, and illumination clove pinks. The drying of the flowers and garlands was a really common tradition back in the Victorian epoch. The twosome would seek and continue the flowers or garland by hanging them upside down. You can besides utilize a wire mesh or vase but these are more modern ways of the art. The Wedding Ceremony and Reception were critical elements for the construct of nuptialss in the Victorian Era. You normally had our marrying held in the church. â€Å" When the ceremonial is performed in a church, the bride enters at the left, with her male parent, female parent, and maid of honors ; or, at all events, with a maid of honor. The groom enters at the right, followed by hisA attenders. The parents stand behind, theA attendantsA at the either side. The bride should be certain that her baseball mitt is readily removable ; the groom, that the ring is where he can happen it, to avoid hold andA embarrassment. â€Å" ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. ) In England if you were traveling to be married by a curate or sermonizer there were different books that the denominations studied to better understand how the ceremonial would be held. The Methodists they studied the â€Å" Book of Discipline † . The Episcopalians studied their â €Å" Book of Common Prayer † , and the Catholics studied their ritual. You know how now a yearss when you get married you have fiting nuptials rings with luxuriant designs and such. Well back in the Victorian age, they wore apparent sets made of gold with their initials and sometimes the day of the month they got married engraved on the interior of their rings. In England, a state bride and her nuptials party walked to church on a rug of flowers to guarantee a happy way through life. For the wealthier, a gray Equus caballus drawing the nuptials passenger car was considered good fortune. Church bells pealed Forth as the twosome entered the church, non merely to do the public aware of the ceremonial taking topographic point, but besides to frighten away any evil forces skulking nearby. In the clip of Queen Victoria, there were three different marrying bars. The groom ‘s bar was dark and the bride ‘s bar was white accompanied with luxuriant designs and the 3rd bar wa s merely a bar that was chiefly for the visitants and invitees. â€Å" The ring for matrimony within a twelvemonth ; the penny for wealth, my beloved ; the thimble for an old amah or unmarried man born ; the button for sweeties all forlorn. â€Å" ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.literary-liaisons.com/article004.html. ) Very Rarely people had their nuptialss at their house. My parents got married in the same church that they now attend, that is a tradition that has been carried out since theA VictorianA age. You were expected to return to the church that you said your vows in it was merely one guess polite but non forced. Peoples unlike presents would n't state everyone where they were traveling on their honeymoon, but the parties everyone was invited to. Basically, the newly-wed hubby and married woman would go forth after the response like in modern times, but they would n't state anyone where they were traveling it was about like an escapade. He would taker out to a far off topographic point where cipher could happen her. In modern times, we have the response right after the nuptials but in the Victorian epoch they had the response a few yearss after the nuptials like three or so yearss and it would either be at their house or the church and if it was to be held at the church than their were regulations. There were many nuptials imposts that were supposed to be followed, along with many regulations and ordinances. There were many regulations and ordinances. Nowadays we do n't acquire to hit our married woman on the caput with her shoe to demo our authorization, but we do assure to protect her and ticker over her for the remainder of our lives.A These are fundamentally the generalA mandatoryA regulations that had to be followed. The bride was older than her maid of honors. Her frock was less flamboyant than the maid of honors frocks were and the brides frock was given to her or paid for her by her fiance ‘s parents. Some of the Torahs were more seen more of import than others but most were merely minor inside informations that had to be done and seen after. Basically, the bride enters on the left side, the groom enters on the right, and each of them has an attendant attach toing them. The parents stand behind their boy or girl. The bride has her glove ready and the groom has the ring. A batch of the things that the Victorians did are still carried out in modern times. Their were a batch of limitations and things looked down upon. It was considered a fraud to be divorced in the age of Queen Victoria it was seen as absurd and frowned upon. So when it occurred, really seldom one might add, so he conserve ( I conjecture ) still had to pay for and back up his married woman. It was considered a fraud to be divorced in the age of Queen Victoria it was seen as absurd and frowned upon. So when it occurred, really seldom one might add, so he conserve ( I conjecture ) still had to pay for and back up his married woman. Evil liquors were said to hold been skulking around nuptialss and so the hubby and wifeA didn'tA get to imbibe their bubbly after they were toasted because they felt as if they did the immorality liquors would stalk them or something. â€Å" Etiquette says that, except for the bubbly toast that accompanies cake cutting, the bride and groom should non sip from their spectacless when they are toasted. Clinking spectacless together after a toast was originally intended to bring forth a bell-like sound to guard off evil liquors. â€Å" ( Cerier, Allison Brown, ed.A Handcrafted References. ) About everything included in the nuptials shows some act of symbolism. Colorss represented certain things. The colour of the frock showed a batch about the bride an how successful she expected her marrying twenty-four hours and matrimony to turn out and in the long tally how in love they would be and such. â€Å" White — chosen right, Blue — love will be true, Yellow — ashamed of her chap, Red — wish herself dead, Black — wish herself back, Grey — travel far off, Pink — of you he ‘ll ever believe, Green-ashamed to be seen â€Å" Marry on Monday for wellness, Tuesday for wealth, Wednesday the best twenty-four hours of all, Thursday for crosses, Friday for losingss, and Saturday for no fortune at all. â€Å" ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.literary-liaisons.com/article003.html. ) Weddings were less luxuriant, because people did n't like pretentious ornaments and they were much more concluding than now a twenty-four hours ‘s. As I said early in my paper, divorce was extremely looked down upon and really rare. There were three different ages with in the Victorian Era, which leads me to state that their were three different manners, one for each age.

Heres What I Know About Why Is This College a Good Fit for You Essay Samples

Here's What I Know About Why Is This College a Good Fit for You Essay Samples Your essay will be a lot stronger in case you concentrate on your own personal interests and goals! You've got to understand what you demand. I aren't able to locate a new innovative. If it goes down, and therefore do your minimum repayments. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in supplying a crystal clear direction throughout the full essay. Now, utilizing a sample college essay isn't the exact same as plagiarism. In many instances, you will be asked to compose an essay for your college application. The Common Application's individual essay permits a student to compose a single essay for numerous colleges. The duration of your essay is not what universities search for. Before you commence writing your college essay, you might want to see the essay examplesA that we've listed for you, so that you can have more idea on what things to put in the college essay which you will create. 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The very first important reason earning a college degree is that it gives an individual with better job opportunities and a conducive atmosphere for skilled growth as it equips an individual with the right training that could possibly be required in a specific field. If it don't know just what you would like to study, then think about the overall area or area you may be interested in and search for colleges that have strengths in those areas. In addition, it aids the society to progress as those who attend college learn various approaches to address issues which are currently facing the world. Colleges have a tendency to supply the labor force with certain knowledge and techniques that are good for the advancement of the society.

The Vietnam War and the Protest Against It Essay - 3560 Words

Secretary of State John Kerry once said â€Å"I saw courage both in the Vietnam War and in the struggle to stop it. I learned that patriotism includes protest, not just military service.† The Vietnam War was a conflict that lasted from 1956-1975 which the United States participated in along with the South Vietnamese who fought against the Communist North Vietnamese. Many Americans strongly disapproved of the war which caused many protests and riots. The war lasted 25 years killing many people and eventually the North Vietnamese won. The Vietnam War was important to Americans back home because it tested the citizen’s right to free speech, effected future foreign policy, and created many issues for returning veterans. Every colony had†¦show more content†¦When World War II was resolved with the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Vietnamese thought that they would finally be free, but were disappointed when the French returned to power following their liberation from German control (Pendergast 14). Following the French return, the Communist regime of Vietnamese people had decided it was time for a rebellion and started waging war versus the French (Pendergast 14). With Vietnam’s neighbors to the north, China, following Russia’s principles and becoming a Communist nation, the Vietnamese Communist Regime, also known as the Viet Minh, gained strategic military support (Pendergast 15). The fighting between the Viet Minh and the French continued for many years and in the spring of 1954 the Viet Minh won a very decisive battle known as the Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Pendergast 17). This battle proved to bring the fighting between the French and Viet Minh to a close because in the summer of 1954 there was a conference held in Geneva, Switzerland to bring the fighting to a close (Pendergast 19). The results of this conference were the Geneva Accords which called for a temporary ceasefire, and a split of the country into a communist sector in the north and republic in the so uth along the 17th parallel (Pendergast 20). The plan however was not well liked andShow MoreRelatedProtests Against the Vietnam War996 Words   |  4 Pagesthe country. The Vietnam war was in full force, and students across the country were in an outrage. Society needed an excuse to rebel against the boring and safe way of life they were used to; Vietnam gave them the excuse they needed. Teenagers from different universities came together and formed various organizations that protested the Vietnam war for many reasons. These reasons included protesting weapons and different tactics used in the war, and the reason the U.S. entered the war in the first placeRead MoreThe Moratorium March 752 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 15, 1969, the Moratorium March against the Vietnam War commenced in Washington D.C. Pacifists and peace administrators carried banners which stated, †A Calvinist for peace, No more war, We want peace now,† and some carried placards bearing the name of so ldiers that had died during the war (Leen). The placards that had names of fallen soldiers were first used on November 13, 1969 during the protest called â€Å"March against Death.† Two days after this protest, the â€Å"Moratorium March† began. ThisRead MoreVietnam War Protests1552 Words   |  6 Pages Vietnam War Protests Introduction How the Americans Got Involved During the Cold War, American political leadership was determined to slow the spread of communism wherever it could be slowed. The policy that American leadership followed (The Domino Theory) was that if the communists took over one country, the countries around that nation would soon fall to the communists, like dominos. Hence, communism needed to be stopped. President Dwight Eisenhower initially sent some advisors (an estimatedRead MoreFacts About The Vietnam War1511 Words   |  7 Pageslongest recorded and arguably one of the most controversial wars in American history is the Vietnam war. In 1959, the communist government of North Vietnam had devised a guerrilla campaign in democratic South Vietnam. The government of North Vietnam had the goal of uniting both countries under a communist reign. The United States quickly became an ally with South Vietnam because they feared the spread of communism. The aftermath of the war resulted in sixty thousand American deaths and two million Read MoreHis/135 Week 5 Assignment Vietnam War761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War is one of America’s longest lasting wars beginning in 1955, and lasting until 1975. The United States became involved in the Vietnam War because of its efforts to stop communism in Southeast Asia. The United States feared that if communist took over Southeast Asia it would cause a domino effect around the world. The United States began sending financial aid and military advisors to South Vietnam to help stop a communist takeover. North Vietnam was run by communist leader Ho Chi MinhRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War was one of the most deadly wars in history, taking over three million lives during the 20-year war. It began in the mid 50’s, between Northern and Southern Vietnam. The United States joined the Vietnam War in 1965, and by 1969 there were about 500,000 U.S. soldiers involved with the war. The war began to slow down in ‘73 w hen President Nixon pulled the American troops, and the long hard war ended in 1975 after the Communists seized control. The Vietnam war was considered wrongRead MoreThe Song Bring Em Home 1743 Words   |  7 Pages The song â€Å"Bring ‘em Home† was a protest song about the Vietnam War. The song was written and performed by Pete Seeger. Pete Seeger was born in May 3, 1919. Since birth Pete Seeger had a musical orientated childhood. His parents were both involved with music in some way. His father majored in musicology and his mother was a concert violinist. Pete became interested with music in his teenage years. Seeger went on to the Harvard University but later dropped out. â€Å"Pete met, traveled and performed withRead More Austrailas Involvment in the Vietnam War1048 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? Australia first came involved in the Vietnam conflict in 1962 when the Australian Government sent a team of thirty army advisers to help train the South Vietnamese Army for its fight against the NLF guerrillas. At the same time a squadron of Royal Australian Air Force fighters were sent to nearby Thailand. While the alliance with the USA was becoming increasingly important, Australia still had strong ties with Britian. In January 1965, AustraliaRead MoreThe Anti-War and Hippie Movements1344 Words   |  5 Pageswas born in the midst of the Vietnam War. Many people protested against the Vietnam War and the horrors that many people saw on TV because of it. Many incidents triggered the Anti-War movement and the Hippie counter culture such as the growing United States involvement in Southern Vietnam, the gruesome images that the evening news showed uncensored, the draft that caused many thousands of men to lose their lives and their minds as the end result of the war. This war triggered a great sense of whatRead MoreEssay on Johnsons War: The Domino Effect1031 Words   |  5 PagesSpecial Forces in South Vietnam but President Johnson made the decision to engage in full warfare in the region. Because Johnson decided to engage in full warfare, it is fair and truthful to dub the Vietnam conflict, â€Å"Johnson’s War.† After President Johnson finished JFK’s term, he was in a bit of a â€Å"pickle.† Johnson wanted to stay the course in Vietnam but he feared that a military setback in the region would tarnish his image for the upcoming election. Johnson campaigned against Arizona Senator Barry

The Plague Of The Black Death - 1798 Words

There were three major outbreaks of the Black Death pandemic in the world. In the history the Black Plague is also called as the Black Death or Bubonic Plague. This research paper will mainly cover the European outbreak of the 14th century as it is considered to be the era of the worst time of the Black Death period. Many historians would agree that the events of 1300s led to dramatic changes affecting every European country in all the aspects. Creating economic, social, religious, and medical issues, the Black Death caused renovation of the Europe. New circumstances forced Europe to reconsider its political system, improve the medicine and look at the situation from a different perspective, shifting from the medieval to modern society. Paul Slack, in his book The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England, provides a detailed description of the most affected places and the approximation of the victims, estimating that Europe had lost about one third of its population. Comparing to cholera the number of deaths caused by the Black Plague in England is doubled making The Black Plague the most devastating disease (Slack 174). In the book, The Black Death, Robert Gottfried examines the history of the Black Plague and its political consequences as well as social. He introduces the facts how the European population was affected in both positive and negative ways. From his writing it stood out that the lower class was affected the most as the conditions they lived in were worseShow MoreRelatedDeath by the Black Plague1017 Words   |  4 Pages The plague was the most devastating pandemic in human history, killing around 80-200 million people mostly throughout Europe, leaving most people back then wondering how they and others got sick and died. â€Å"Evidence available from rural continental Europe suggests a slow spread of human mortality across trade and travel routes, patterns consistent† (Carmichael 3), until after multiple inventions such as printing, word spread of this murderer, preventing more deaths and to treat those affected. ThisRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbody: without employment, is a disease- the rest of the soul is a Plague, a hell itself† (Smiles, Samuel). The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, came to existence in the Fourteenth Century. It was transferred from Asia in the late 1340s and caused a mass eruption in Europe. It was a very dark time period of history, which changed the way people viewed religion, fellow citizens, and life. In the 1300s, the century of the Plague, there were many poor conditions. One example was the home itselfRead MoreThe Black Death Plague795 Words   |  3 PagesThe Black Death is one of the worst disease in ancient history. It was an epidemic that killed millions of people between 1349-1351.Many people suffered from lack of care and lack of remedy, also it became difficult to find a medical person to diagnose such a horrible disease. Boccaccio, Tura and Venette describe the physical and social effect of Europe when the Plague had begun. In this selection, they describe how people respond and changed their behaviors .People were so scared from Plague thereforeRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1484 Words   |  6 Pagestriggered not by humans, but by plagues. Plagues, defined as an epidemic with an amazingly high mortality rate according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, have been recorded throughout history, from the Plague of Justinian in Rome, to the Modern Plague of China (CDC). To the common man, all s/he sees is, the plague arrives, kills tens of millions of people, and then disappears into the night. In reality, the plague does not disappear quietly. The outbreak of a plague leaves a lasting legacyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Plague is known as the most fatal disease in the worlds history! The disease killed nearly one-third of Europe’s population in the fourteenth century. The Black Plague is also known as the Black Death and was transmitted to humans by rodents such as rats and spread due to extremely unsanitary living conditions. European cities such as Paris and London were most devastatingly affected by the Black Plague The Black Plague is transmitted from fleas to rodents such as rats or mice to humansRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Plague1638 Words   |  7 Pageshave crawled across the globe was called the Black Death. The first known case of The Plague was reported in China in 224 B.C. although this is not the period in time when it would become its most dangerous. It is believed that because China was such an important trade center at the time, diseased animals and their infected fleas were unknowingly transported along with goods via The Silk Road to Western Europe and Asia. Centuries later, the Black Plague would rear its head and swallow nearly halfRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1797 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Black Death, the plague is one of the most disastrous events in Europe’s natural history. England underwent serious modifications concerning it politically, socially, and economically as a result of the contagion. The Black Death, a plague that devastated Medieval Engla nd from 1347 to 1351, tremendously modified the Middle Ages; the pandemic contains a complex history that drastically altered England’s economy and people’s religious views. To start off, the first wave of the Black Death beganRead MoreBlack Death And The Black Plague1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was one of the most deadliest diseases of all time. This disease came to Europe around 1347 C.E, by merchants from East Asia. The Black Plague then spread all across Europe, and killed over 25,000,000 people. The Black Death had its effect on many things. The peasant and noble differentiation was realized to be bogus, the belief in religious authorities came under question, and poor people actually benefited from the Black Death. After the epidemicRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with the most iconic epidemic, The Black Death. It will then discuss some of similar epidemics that have followed after and different treatments. This paper will show the progression of medicine and health around the world and the advancements in technology that have increased the lives of many individu als. The Black Death: The Black Death also known as the bubonic plague is considered a turning point in the development of medicine and science. This plague first occurred in China during the earlyRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague1876 Words   |  8 PagesThe Black Plague Sickness times a thousand equals the Black Death. In our world, many disasters have occurred, causing terrible damage emotionally, physically, and mentally. However, I believe that the Black Death is the worst disaster to have occurred throughout our world’s history. It all started in 1348, when trading ships from different countries around Europe settled at the port of Messina, Sicily. Once the ship dropped their anchor many of their sailors were found dead, and the few surviving

Most Dangerous Game Free Essays

Suspense of in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† Suspense is when the reader anxiously want to know more but the author waits to give them further information. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, by Richard Connell, suspense is used in many situations. A big-game hunter named Rainsford, who is from New York, falls aboard and swims to the island. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Dangerous Game or any similar topic only for you Order Now He gets trapped on the island of a sadistic fellow hunter General Zaroff, who bored with conventional prey, has come to see humans as the only quarry worthy of his skill, hunting man. Plays his hunting games with Rainsford. Connell creates suspense through grammar, cliffhangers and holding the resolution until the last sentence. Richard Connell uses grammar to create suspense. For Rainsford, when he was in the water had no other choice than to follow the gunshots he had heard, which bought him to the mansion of General Zaroff. While discussing about the dangerous animal on island, Rainsford asked if it was tiger, the General gives him clues about what animal it was. At the point when Rainsford understand the games being played on the island, he says, â€Å"‘But you can’t mean – ‘ gasped Rainsford†(21). The author uses grammar to create suspense at this situation because he restricts the reader from knowing what Rainsford knows for which he uses hyphen. Finally Rainsford says, ‘†Hunting? General Zaroff, what you speak of is murder†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(21). Then the reader understands the animal Zaroff hunts is man. This time Connell uses cliffhangers to create suspense. When the game was being played between Rainsford and the General, the General brought Ivan and his dogs to look for Rainsford. Rainsford thought of a native trick he learned in Uganda. He uses the trick and starts running again, after a while he thought to climb up a tree to see the result of his trick. Rainsford panicked and saw a blue gap between the trees. The author mentions, â€Å"Then he leaped far out into the sea. . . . â€Å"(30). Rainsford got into the sea but the author uses cliffhanger for his suspense this time. He ends the section without providing further information to the anxious readers. Instead of continuing the plot he goes on to talk about General Zaroff restricting the readers from the knowing what Rainsford did and where he went. Connell holds the resolution till the end of the story to create suspense. The most important part the reader looks for is ‘what happens in the end? ‘. When General was approaching his mansion, Rainsford wishes him luck for next time standing up in the balcony of the mansion. The general appreciates him for his way of getting up there and tells him that he has to repay for his dog. But then the author writes, † He had never slept in a better bed decided, Rainsford†(30). The author finally ends the suspense here. It takes until the last sentence of the story to have any resolution. Richard Connell uses grammar, cliffhanger and hold the resolution till the end of the story to create suspense at certain points. First, the author makes the reader wait to know about the animal being hunted on island by using hyphens to create suspense. Then, he ends a section without providing further information of what Rainsford is doing and where did he go. Finally, he ends the story without letting know the anxious readers about what happens to Rainsford. This was a suspenseful story. It provides us knowledge about how suspense can be used in different styles. How to cite Most Dangerous Game, Essay examples Most Dangerous Game Free Essays The Most Dangerous Game† are examples of foil characters with two very different personlaties as well as characteristics. These two characters are on opposite sides of the spectrum. Zaroff is the hunter and Rainsford is the prey in this story. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Dangerous Game or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, General Zaroff has very unethical ideas and hobbies. This is very different from Rainsford’s humane beliefs. Lastly, Zaroff is far more ostentatious compared to Rainsford, who is more resourceful with his hunting experience. It is clear that their character traits differ greatly. To begin, Zaroff and Rainsford have two very different roles in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. General Zaroff is perceived as the hunter and Rainsford is the prey. Zaroff presents a â€Å"game† where the two characters hunt each other. Although Rainsford wins this â€Å"game†, Zaroff is known as the hunter. This is because he is known for hunting humans. He has also never lost this â€Å"game† to any of his other opponents. Rainsford is seen as the prey (prior to him winning) because he is against hunting humans and considers it murder. He also appears to be afraid of Zaroff in he beginning. † I wish to leave this island at once† (Connel 175). This represents his fear. Knowing this, it is automatically assumed that Zaroff will hunt and kill Rainsford. To continue, the two characters are considered foils because they have different beliefs and morals. General Zaroff is open about his hobby of hunting humans. He even ridicules Rainsford by saying that he â€Å"harbors romantic ideas about the value of human life† (Connel 172). On the other hand, Rainsford’s character hunts animals. He considers it murder to hunt human beings. Zaroffs reason for hunting humans is hat they are able to reason with the hunter, therefore making it more of a challenge to hunt them. One possible reason for this difference of morals are the nationality of the two men. General Zaroff is Russian while Rainsford is American. This could explain the difference because the culture and lifestyle of the two countries could cause its citizens to act in certain ways. Additionally, Zaroff and Rainsford are foil characters because of their behavior and character. In the story General Zaroff is ostentatious while Rainsford is more resourceful. Zaroff shows off his home and lifestyle when Rainsford is there. He also appears bossy in the story. He orders around Ivan and seems to brag about the people he is training in his basement. This might also be a reason that Zaroff loses the â€Å"game†. â€Å"‘To date I have not lost,’ he said† (Connel 174). He underestimates Rainsford’s abilities and is too confident about himself. He is sure that he will win the game. Rainsford is considered resourceful because he uses features of the forest to build traps for Zaroff and his dogs multiple times in the story. He also uses his Knowledge 0T nuntlng to create a trall tnats OITTlcult to Tollow Dy Laron. RalnsTora relies on his talents while Zaroff seems to rely on other sources such as the hounds. In conclusion, General Zaroff and Rainsford represent foil characters in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. They are two extremely different people with different beliefs and traits. Zaroffs character is an amoral one who likes to hunt humans. His character is also depicted as the showy and arrogant hunter. Rainsford on the other hand is ethical compared to Zaroff. He is also seen as the prey of the story. General Zaroff and Rainsford are very obvious examples of foil characters. How to cite Most Dangerous Game, Papers

Sociology Final Exam free essay sample

Social class is a â€Å"class society, a set of concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories†( Grant,2001,p. 161). The most common being the upper, middle, and lower classes. The upper class consist of people or families that represent institutional leadership, heads of multinational corporations, foundations, and universities. They are people who have finical stability and are well educated due to their finical income. Most commonly in American society today people fall in the middle class category. Middle class is made of people and families that are involved in clerical work, provide professional support, and engage in data collection. Even though they are educated based on local school systems they are not given the luxury education that you would fine with upper class. Last but not least you have the lower class. The lower class is commonly the hardworking of them all. They work full-time at wages below poverty line and commonly are on some type of social services help such as Medicaid or food stamp program (EBT). Even though they are entitled to education they commonly would rather work to just get by day to day due to finical struggles. Based on these classes’ people in today’s society have certain criteria that are used to determine ones place within the social class scale. Three most common criteria used to measure social class is wealth (property), power and prestige. Wealth consists of the property and income that a person or family possesses. The more finical income you have the higher you move up on the social class scale. With wealth also comes with ownership of material items that influences a persons social standing. Social standing has to deal with the certain amount of power that an individual may have due to his/her finical income. People with power become a great deal in today’s society. It identifies ones individual knowledge of their circumstances such as their reputation amongst certain communities or family’s. Being able to have power comes with the advantage of making others do what you desire, even if they do not want to do it. With power also comes prestige. Prestige is usually the respect people have for a person because of their occupation. Prestige is often derived from property and power as people tend to admire the wealthy and powerful. This is very important because it provides financial rewards, stability and benefits like healthcare. Commonly someone’s occupation such as being a â€Å"doctor† would have more respect rather than someone working at McDonalds making burgers. It’s unfortunate that in today’s society we have to categorize people based on their status of power and finical situation. Everyone is unique in their own way, not because of how much money you have or due to your lack of education. Everyone should be treated equal regardless of their finical situation. 2. ) Define social stratification and discuss the four systems of social stratification. Social stratification is â€Å"the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. It affects every society and its members, although some societies having greater stratification than others. In every society in the world gender has been or continues to be a basis for social stratification. However, in no way is gender the sole basis for stratifying people† (Rasmussen,2014). Example of social stratification is the caste system in India. The caste system in India can be described as an elaborately stratified social hierarchy distinguishing India’s social structure. The caste system is used to specify a group of people having a specific social rank. The Indian term for caste is jati, and generally designates a group that can vary in size from a handful to many thousands. There are thousands of jatis each with its own rules and customs. However it is the same when it comes to social stratification here in the U. S. People are divided into different levels of social status according to their wealth. Wealth is usually associated with prestige, but not always. For example, a plumber makes more money than a professor, but a professor has more prestige than a plumber because a plumber is a blue collar worker. When coming up with the division between people there is a system that put individuals in place to categorize ones social stratification. Four major classifications of social stratification is slavery, caste, estate and class. These four major social stratifications come together and form some type of people systematically experience advantages in society while other types of people are systematically disadvantaged in our society. Some members of our society are thought of as haves, and others are thought of as have-nots. It determines who is socially advantaged and who is included among the ranks of the socially disadvantaged is based, in part, on certain characteristics these individuals possess and, in part, on how society values or devalues these characteristics. Slavery is the one characteristic that faces the most disadvantage. Slavery is a system of stratification in which one person owns another, as he or she would own property, and exploits the slave’s labor for economic gain. Slaves are one of the lowest categories in any stratification system, as they possess virtually no power or wealth of their own. Many Americans view slavery as a phenomenon that began with the colonization of the New World and ended with the Civil War, but slavery has existed for a very long time. Slavery appears in the Old Testament of the Bible. It was also a common practice in ancient Greece and Rome. The most common assumption about slavery is that it is generally based on racism. Though racism was the primary cause of slavery in the United States, it was not the main reason that people in other areas were enslaved. Reasons for slavery include debt, crime, war, and beliefs of inherent superiority which can be seen in the new hit movie twelve years. The caste system is a social system based on ascribed statuses, which are traits or characteristics that people possess as a result of their birth. Ascribed statuses can include race, gender, nationality, body type, and age. A caste system ranks people rigidly. No matter what a person does, he or she cannot change castes. People often try to compensate for ascribed statuses by changing their nationality, lying about their age, or undergoing plastic surgery to alter their body type. In some societies, this strategy works; in others, it does not. An ancient stratification system that no longer exists today was the estate system, a three-tiered system composed of the nobility, the clergy, and the commoners. During the middle Ages, much of Europe was organized under this system. Members of the nobility had great inherited wealth and did little or no discernible work. They occupied themselves in what we would term leisure pursuits, such as hunting or riding. Others cultivated interests in cultural pursuits, such as art and music. To ensure that their inherited wealth passed smoothly from one generation to the next without being dispersed to members of the extended family, the nobility of the Middle Ages practiced the law of primogeniture. The word primogeniture comes from Latin and means â€Å"first born. † The nobility’s law of primogeniture stipulated that only a first-born son could inherit his father’s wealth. Members of this stratum developed an ideology to justify their privileged positions, the divine right of kings, which posited that the authority of the king comes directly from God. The king delegated authority to the nobles. Because the king and the nobles were God’s representatives, they had to be obeyed. Clergy is when the oldest son was guaranteed a healthy income upon the death of his father, but other sons had to find their own means of income. Few, if any, were trained for work, so many became members of the Roman Catholic clergy, a body of religious officials. The clergy was very powerful in European society in the Middle Ages, and membership offered long-term job security and a comfortable living. The higher up the ladder a priest went, the more power he had over the masses. The third tier of the estate system consisted of the masses of people known as the commoners. They spent their lives engaged in hard physical labor, with virtually no chance of moving up in society. Final classification system used is class. In a class system, an individual’s place in the social system is based on achieved statuses, which are statuses that we either earn or choose and that are not subject to where or to whom we were born. Those born within a class system can choose their educational level, careers, and spouses. Social mobility, or movement up or down the social hierarchy, is a major characteristic of the class system. The value referred to as the American Dream is indicative of the American social class system. The American Dream reflects what we see as the kind of equality of opportunity that can exist only in a class system. Americans believe that all people, regardless of the conditions into which they were born, have an equal chance to achieve success. Part of the American Dream is the belief that every child can grow up to be president of the United States. Former president Bill Clinton, for example, came from a relatively poor background and grew up in a small town in Arkansas. His father died before he was born, and he was raised by his mother and abusive stepfather. Clinton rose above his humble beginnings to attend prestigious universities, and received a full scholarship to Rhodes,  and enjoy a successful career in politics that began with his election as governor of Arkansas. 3. ) Discuss the eight steps in the research model. With every research project there is a certain model you have to fallow in order to achieve your goal. Even well-known sociologist fallow the steps of the research model in order to achieve their goal on what they are studding in order to provide the world on what they a re thinking. This first step is to selecting a topic. Sociologists choose a wide range of topics, usually those that inspire their curiosity. Example Karl Emil Maximilian (Max Weber) was curious about religion. And wrote a book called The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Because of his curiousness on religion and the capitalism of society back then, it drew his attention to research and develop ideas to support his writings. The second step is defining the problem. This includes what the researcher wants to learn about the topic. Example would be a researcher wanting to know more about child obesity in America. What articles and lectures will help him in his research on knowing more about child obesity in America? Third step is to review the literature. What have other researchers published on this topic? What will make yours research different from all the others and what information can be used to support your topic. The fourth step is formulating a hypothesis. This is the chance where the researcher tries to develop a statement about what the researcher wants to find according to predictions from a theory. The fifth step includes choosing a research method. This method is design to help the researcher plan on what information to use to when he’s collecting data for his research topic. The sixth step to the research model is collecting the data. Being able to utilize the method chosen to actually gather information on the topic chosen, keeping in mind that validity and reliability are major concerns when collecting the data. Second to last step is analyzing the results. Testing the researcher’s hypothesis based on the data collected or studying the results to look for similarities, differences, and other patterns. Last but not least sharing the results. After all the hard work ,studding and researching has come to an end it is now to write a report or paper to share with the community and other people who have an interest in the topic that the researcher has studied